From anthrax to AI: Biological attribution then and now

  • Thu, November 12, 2026 • 9:00 am ET
  • Atlantic Council Headquarters
  • 1400 L Street NW • Floor 11
  • Washington, DC 20005

This meeting of the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense at the Atlantic Council explores biological attribution twenty-five years after the anthrax attacks, as technology advances and the biological threat increases.

On Thursday, November 12, at 9:00 a.m. ET, the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense at the Atlantic Council will explore how biological attribution has evolved since the 2001 anthrax attacks and how emerging technologies are reshaping the challenge.

The 2001 anthrax attacks exposed the challenges of identifying the source of a biological attack and responding amid uncertainty. More than two decades later, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are creating new questions about how biological threats can be investigated and attributed. 

This meeting of the commission will examine how lessons from the anthrax attacks inform biodefense today, how attribution shapes national security decisions when evidence is incomplete, and how AI is changing the biological threat landscape and the capabilities available to investigators. The discussion will also consider how evidence can guide public health responses before the source of an outbreak or responsibility for an attack is established.

This event will not be livestreamed. A recording of the event will be made available at a later date.

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Speakers

More speakers to be announced.

Agenda

9:00–9:20 a.m. | Welcome remarks

Speakers

Chrissy Houlahan
US House of Representatives, PA-6,
Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Open-Source Intelligence, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence,
US House of Representatives

Pat McCrory
Former Governor,
North Carolina

Donna Shalala
Co-Chair,
Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense,
Atlantic Council

Tom Ridge
Co-Chair,
Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense,

Atlantic Council

9:20–9:45 a.m. | Panel one: Lessons from anthrax and the future of biodefense

Speakers

Tom Daschle
Commissioner,
Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense,
Atlantic Council

Raj Panjabi
Commissioner,
Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense,
Atlantic Council

9:45–10:05 a.m. | Panel two: Biological attribution and national security

Featuring

Thomas G. DiNanno
Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security,
US Department of State

10:05–10:15 a.m. | Break

Break in programming.

10:15–11:05 a.m. | Panel three: Biological attribution: Evidence, response, and readiness

Speakers

Karen Kafadar
Commonwealth Professor, Department of Statistics,
University of Virginia

James Giordano
Director, Center for Disruptive Technology and Future Warfare, Institute for National Strategic Studies,
National Defense University

11:05–11:55 a.m. | Panel four: AI and the next attribution challenge

Speakers

Todd Treangen
Associate Professor of Computer Science,
Rice University

Anemone Franz
Postdoctoral Scholar, Reilly Center,
University of Notre Dame;
Visiting Research Fellow,
American Enterprise Institute

11:55–12:00 p.m. | Closing remarks

Speakers

Donna Shalala
Co-Chair,
Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense,
Atlantic Council

Tom Ridge
Co-Chair,
Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense,

Atlantic Council

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The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense at the Atlantic Council provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of US biodefense and recommends changes to policy and law that strengthen national biodefense while optimizing biodefense resources.

The Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security works to develop sustainable, nonpartisan strategies to address the most important security challenges facing the United States and the world.