Iran and Afghanistan have no major territorial disputes, unlike Afghanistan and Pakistan or Pakistan and India. However, a festering disagreement over allocation of water from the Helmand River is threatening their relationship as each side suffers from droughts, climate change, and the lack of proper water management. In “Water Dispute Escalating Between Iran and Afghanistan,” Fatemeh Aman analyzes the issues related to these ancient waterways and lakes that have historic, economic, and national importance for both Iran and Afghanistan.