On June 4, Forward Defense Assistant Director Mark J. Massa was interviewed in a video by CNBC titled “Why submarines in the US Navy are getting an expensive update.” In this interview, Massa discussed the crucial role that submarines play in US nuclear deterrence policy and great-power competition.
[T]echnology can rapidly change–so we need to build a nuclear force [and] design our nuclear force to last for decades.

Forward Defense leads the Atlantic Council’s US and global defense programming, developing actionable recommendations for the United States and its allies and partners to compete, innovate, and navigate the rapidly evolving character of warfare. Through its work on US defense policy and force design, the military applications of advanced technology, space security, strategic deterrence, and defense industrial revitalization, it informs the strategies, policies, and capabilities that the United States will need to deter, and, if necessary, prevail in major-power conflict.