Geopolitics & Energy Security

As Russia’s aggression in Ukraine continues, Western governments have available tools to limit the Kremlin’s war budget. They can do this by plugging the gaps in sanctions against Russian oil and gas exports—and severing a critical revenue stream supporting the Kremlin’s war machine.

To better understand how the war’s conclusion—or lack thereof—will impact the options available to transatlantic policymakers, this report analyzes European security across five general scenarios—a Ukrainian victory, a negotiated settlement, a frozen conflict, a protracted conflict, and a Russian victory.

The United States and European countries need to better understand the security risks sensor-laden electric vehicles from China could pose.