“The West’s failure to respond to Russia’s breaches of international law demonstrates weakness and undermines US credibility,” writes Dr. Maksym Khylko, in “Shaping Strategy for Comprehensive and Effective Western Policy in Eastern Europe,” a new issue brief by the Atlantic Council’s Eurasia Center. In the past ten years, Russia has invaded Georgia and Ukraine, illegally annexed the peninsula of Crimea, and occupied Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Donbas. Additionally, it has developed anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) capabilities and deployed them to the Black Sea and Baltic Sea regions, threatening NATO’s ability to operate there. This issue brief examines the strategies that the West can employ to combat the Kremlin’s challenges to regional security and the rule of law in Eastern Europe.