Cyber, extended deterrence, and NATO
By
Franklin D. Kramer, Robert J. Butler, and Catherine Lotrionte
Cyber is relevant in conflict as well as in lesser circumstances such as espionage and crime. This paper focuses on a conflict, both conventional and hybrid, with an adversary, such as Russia, that has advanced cyber capabilities (Tier V/VI as designated by the Defense Science Board) and includes a conflict with an improving, but less
capable nation-state such as Iran.